The majority of fossil fuel power plants' carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions come from coal-fired thermal power facilities. Carbon dioxide (CO2), mercury (Hg), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are just some of the gases that are released into the atmosphere when coal is burned in thermal power plants. When everything else is taken into account, carbon dioxide (CO2) is by far the biggest cause of global warming. The environment's safety and security depend on the effective collection and separation of CO2. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the literature and assess the present status of various techniques and technologies used to collect and separate CO2 from flue gas produced by thermal power plants. Chemical-looping combustion, integrated gasification combined cycle, enzyme-based separation, dual-alkali absorption approach, facilitated transport membrane, hydrate-based separations, mixed matrix membrane, and calcium looping are just some of the new technologies discussed in detail in this paper.
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